According to Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH = pKa+ log (α/1- α) Given pH =2 Calculate α = degree of dissociation = 1/ 10(pKa-pH) +1 Given…
ANSWER: pKa is the log of dissociation constant of an acid. Suppose an acid is HA. HA will dissociate to à H+ + A–…
1) Present the major advances made in oncology in the last few decades. ANSWER: http://biokaryon.com/present-the-major-advances-made-in-oncology-in-the-last-few-decades/ 2) Briefly, describe the major factors used for selection…
It is done because:- First, the Intravenous administration has lower infection risk. Second, higher doses of the drug can be given, which is not…
Resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in chemotherapeutic drugs. There are a few possible causes of resistance in cancer, First, is the…
Alkylating agents: They are cell-cycle independent drugs, means they can work at any point in the cell cycle. They bind covalently to DNA with…
The antineoplastic drugs work by impairing mitosis, especially in fast dividing tumor cells. It does the same by triggering programmed cell death/ apoptosis in…
Combination therapy involves treating a patient with a number of different drugs simultaneously. The drugs differ in their mechanism and side-effects. The biggest advantage…a
While carrying out primary therapy following criteria is used: First of all, the stage in which cancer is taken into consideration. If cancer is…
1) Present the major advances made in oncology in the last few decades. Answer War on cancer began with National Cancer Act of 1971,…
Key functions and sub-disciplines within the field of toxicology. Toxicology comes from two Greek words, ‘Toxicos’ means poisonous and “logos” means to study. So,…
RNA synthesis starts differently in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It always occurs in 5′ to 3′ direction. And it always requires the enzyme RNA polymerase….
Question 1) Parents: Pr/Pr Y/Y r/r (parent 1) x Pr/Pr y/y R/R (parent 2) What are the phenotypes of the parents Answer) Let’s assume ‘Y’ for…
Lipid rafts are a region of the plasma membrane. They move freely in the membrane but are more tightly packed than the lipid bilayer….
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract. In this disease, excess abdominal pain occurs. Bloody diarrhea is accompanied with weight…
Please note that: Haploid means: DNA is inherited from a single parent. Diploid means: DNA is inherited from two parents, for example, nuclear DNA….
Betazoid are a part of telepathic humanoid civilization. This was an undistinguishable civilization from humans; means they looked very similar to humans. Their eye…
Functional Classification of Cell Junctions In vertebrates, tissues are attached to each other via cell junctions. Invertebrates and plants also have some type of…
Syndrome Disease Can have a number of causes. These causes can change with age, time etc. A disease has a well-defined biological cause. Does…
Landfill gas is a mixture of many gases. It is produced by action of micro-organisms in a landfill. Three actions occur in a landfill:…
The correct answer is D (All of the above). Explanation: Environment contains many carcinogenic chemicals, which a person can inhale, resulting in cancer. Chronic…