Bioinformatics

Compare and contrast parsimony, maximum likelihood, UPGMA and neighbor-joining methods.

Maximum parsimony: – This is a character based method. In it, the topology that requires the smallest number of substitutions is the best tree….

Describe technical and theoretical challenges associated with building phylogenetic trees.

Phylogenetic trees are constructed by choosing an optimal tree, which is itself based on some model of evolutionary change. This approach is known…

NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING- AN UPCOMING INNOVATION!!

CONTRIBUTED TO THE SITE BY: VAISHNAVI MUKKAWAR VAISHNAVI MUKKAWAR1, SHIREEN S1, ROHIT BHATIA2, TARUNA ARORA2 Over last few years, demand for fast, cost effective and…

What type of data was obtained in Automated sequencing method. How was it different from the data obtained from Sanger’s method.

In Sanger’s sequencing method, data used to be collected on a gel. It was read manually. As an enhancement, in automated dideoxy sequencing method,…

The base-calling program outputs ‘N’ instead of designating a specific base. It does so when it is unsure of the exact base. What are the probable reasons which make the base-calling program unsure of a sequence.

The base-calling program becomes unsure of a sequence in the following conditions: Extremely broad peak: Sometimes the peak given in automated sequencing program is too…

What are the steps of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).

In Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), extremely small DNA fragments can be sequenced. This makes this technique far better than shotgun sequencing. The various steps…

THE CONCEPT STICKY ENDS IN RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY.

In DNA fragments have sticky ends, one end of one segment has a sequence complementary to any of the ends of the other segments….

Is shotgun sequencing more dependent on computer softwares in comparison to directed sequencing.

Your answer is ‘Yes’. In the shotgun sequencing method, “random DNA fragments” are sequenced. Then, by the use of specialized software and computerized machinery,…

Lecture 6: Unigene

Unigene Practical 4: Aim: To understand the concept of UniGene and its usage on the internet. Principle: Unigene is also a database in NCBI….

Lecture 5: Entrez

Entrez Practical 3 Aim: To learn the usage of Entrez on the web. Principle: The word Entrez means “Come in.” It is also a…

Lecture 4: EMBL

Lecture 4 Practical 2: EMBL Aim: To study the Sequence Information Resource “EMBL” on the web. Principle: Full-form of EMBL is European Molecular Biology…

Lecture 3: GenBank

Lecture 3 Practical 1: GenBank Aim: To study the “Sequence Information Resource” GenBank on the web. Principle: GenBank is a primary sequence repository. This…

Lecture 2: SEQUENCE INFORMATION RESOURCES

(BIOINFORMATICS) LECTURE 2- BT-501 With the launch of the Human Genome Project, enormous data came to be known to humans. And it was almost…